Inflation or Deflation in Nineteenth-Century Syria and Palestine
研究了1830年代后叙利亚和巴勒斯坦在出口金属货币以支付进口顺差的同时出现通胀的矛盾，通过奥斯曼货币体系的双重性解释了政府主导的国内货币通胀与贸易逆差导致的足值硬币价格上涨并存的现象。
From the 1830s on Syria and Palestine exported monetary metal to pay for an import surplus. Nevertheless, there is evidence of a concomitant inflationary process. The apparent contradiction is resolved by a theoretical argument and by reference to the dual nature of the Ottoman monetary system. Government-induced inflation in terms of the domestic (token and paper) money reinforced the rising price of full-bodied coins, caused by the adverse balance of trade.