Contract and Exit Decisions in Finisher Hog Production
研究了北美育肥猪生产中独立养殖户退出率高的问题，发现具有效率优势的养殖户更可能签订合同、扩大生产并减少退出，基于2004年调查数据验证了合同与退出概率的负相关关系。
Abstract Finisher hog production in North America has shifted toward larger units and contract format since 1990. Exit among independent growers has been high. We develop a model showing that growers with any of three efficiency attributes (lower innate hazard of exit, variable costs, or contract adoption costs) are more likely to contract, produce more, and expend more on business protection. Using 2004 Agricultural Resource Management Survey data, a recursive bivariate probit model confirms that contracting producers are less likely to exit. Specialization increases the probability of contracting. Education, nonfarm income, and older production facilities are significant in increasing expected exit.