Model comparisons of the costs of reducing CO2 emissions
能源建模论坛工作组12设计了13个标准化情景，由14个建模团队用多种技术经济模型实施，并成立10个研究组分析模型和情景未覆盖的问题，比较不同模型下减排成本。
The Energy Modeling Forum working group 12 specified 13 standardized scenarios reflecting a range of carbon emission-control levels, as well as sensitivities on key standardized inputs. These scenarios were ultimately implemented by 14 modeling teams employing a wide variety of technoeconomic models, although not every model could implement every scenario. In addition to these model comparisons, ten study groups were formed to analyze issues not being addressed by the 14 models and 13 scenarios. These groups used additional models and methods to analyze issues not addressed in the 13 original scenarios.