Demand for Farm Output in a Complete System of Demand Functions
构建了一个概念模型，利用零售和农场价格数据，估计了八种食品的农场产出需求弹性，发现除家禽外，农场与营销投入之间的替代弹性使需求弹性至少增加40%。
Abstract Demand interrelationships for farm outputs that are theoretically consistent with consumer demand and marketing group behavior provide important linkages between retail and farm prices. A conceptual model, based on reduced‐form specifications for retail and farm prices, is formulated and applied empirically to a set of eight disaggregated food commodities. This approach circumvents the need for retail quantities, which are frequently unavailable for disaggregated food commodities. The results are consistent with theory and generally indicate significant substitution between farm and marketing inputs. Except for poultry, derived demand elasticities are at least 40% larger compared to those derived assuming fixed proportions.