Increasing Returns and the Gains from Trade
研究存在规模递增收益时贸易收益的条件，提出一个不依赖生产前沿凸性等限制的充分必要条件，对国际贸易理论研究者有参考价值。
It is known that gains from trade are positive in the presence of increasing returns to scale if all increasing-returns industries expand in the shift from autarky. Sufficient conditions for gains when some increasing-returns industries expand and others contract suffer from the limitations that the production frontier must be convex, changes must satisfy a prespecified hierarchical pattern, or that total factor supplies must be fixed between equilibria, conditions which can not generally be assured. This paper develops a necessary and sufficient condition for gains and from it a sufficient condition that does not depend on these restrictions. Copyright 1991 by Economics Department of the University of Pennsylvania and the Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association.