Groups in Context: A Model of Task Group Effectiveness
研究以100个销售团队为样本，检验了群体有效性模型，发现传统理论能解释团队满意度和自评有效性的90%变异，但无法解释销售绩效，提示需纳入跨边界管理和组织情境因素。
Deborah L. Gladstein This study tests a comprehensive model of group effectiveness with 100 sales teams in the communications industry. Results indicate that traditional theories of group effectiveness match the implicit theories of team members. These theories account for 90 percent of the variance in team satisfaction and self-reported effectiveness but none of the variance in the teams' sales performance. The findings suggest that theories of group effectiveness need to be revised to include the way in which teams manage interactions across their boundary and the impact of the organizational context.