‘‘Isn't it time you were finishing?’’: Women's Labor Force Participation and Childbearing in England, 1860–1920
从女性主义经济学视角，研究19至20世纪初英格兰三个工业城镇中女性劳动参与和生育的关系，发现女性参与有酬工作越多，越可能限制家庭规模，且劳动参与模式的多样性是英国各地生育率下降差异的主因。
Abstract This contribution examines the relationship between women's labor force participation (LFP) and fertility in three industrial towns of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century England from a feminist economic perspective. The study augments existing statistical approaches to demographic history by discussing women's motivations. Women's LFP influenced their likelihood of family limitation (via effects on both age at marriage and marital fertility). Where women were most likely to be in paid work, they were most likely to limit family size. It is further argued that the diversity of LFP patterns is the principal explanation for the varied patterns of fertility decline in different parts of Britain.