Congestion Effects of Spatial Growth Restrictions: A Model and Empirical Analysis
研究了绿带或城市增长边界等空间增长限制导致的拥堵效应，发现这种拥堵外部性会低估规制的总福利成本，但高估从城市土地租户向土地所有者的福利转移，并可能使政策偏向高密度开发。基于首尔土地价格数据的实证分析验证了绿带规制使地价梯度变平缓的效应。
The present study characterizes the congestion effect of spatially designated growth controls, such as greenbelt or urban growth boundaries. The developed model demonstrates that the congestion externality caused by a binding growth restriction can understate total welfare costs of the regulation but overstate the amount of welfare transfer from renters of urban land to landowners. This article also examines costs and benefits of different development options given a binding growth restriction, and shows that non‐consideration of the congestion externality is likely to skew choice toward high‐density development. To test the hypothesized regulatory effect, a pooled time‐series and cross‐sectional analysis is performed with the land price data from Seoul, Korea. The results offer evidence of the gradient‐flattening effect of the greenbelt regulation in the study area.