Buying Frenzies and Seller-Induced Excess Demand
解释垄断者为何故意制造超额需求：当消费者起初不知自身估价但随时间逐渐了解时，垄断者更愿在消费者不知情时销售，因为不知情群体的预期估价更同质。限量销售迫使消费者在不知情时抢购，从而将价格定在高于知情市场出清价的水平。
I explain why a monopolist would knowingly create excess demand. Suppose customers initially do not know their valuation for a good but over time become informed. Although customers prefer purchasing after becoming informed, a monopolist prefers selling to customers while uninformed, because a group of uninformed customers has a more homogeneous (expected) valuation for the good than do customers. Selling fewer units than the number of customers induces customers to purchase while uninformed, because anyone waiting to purchase until becoming finds no units available. This buying frenzy behavior allows the monopolist to set price above the informed market-clearing price.