"Beliefs about Beliefs" without Probabilities
构建了一个策略互动中玩家面临的不确定性的状态空间，通过偏好层级而非信念层级来建模，允许不确定性厌恶偏好（如埃尔斯伯格悖论），并为不完全信息博弈和完全信息博弈的解概念提供基础。
This paper constructs a space of states of the world representing the exhaustive uncertainty facing each player in a strategic situation. The innovation is that preferences are restricted primarily by regularity conditions and need not conform with subjective expected utility theory. The construction employs a hierarchy of preferences, rather than of beliefs as in the standard Bayesian model. The framework is sufficiently general to accommodate uncertainty averse preferences, such as exhibited in the Ellsberg paradox, and to allow common knowledge of expected utility (or Choquet expected utility) to be well-defined formally. Applications include the provision of (i) foundations for a Harsanyi-style game of incomplete information, and (ii) a rich framework for the axiomatization of solution concepts for complete information normal form games.