Card Check or Mandatory Representation Vote? How the Type of Union Recognition Procedure Affects Union Certification Success
利用加拿大九个地区十九年的面板数据，发现强制投票比卡片检查使工会认证成功率降低约9个百分点，结果在99%置信水平上显著。
Cross-section time-series analysis of nine Canadian jurisdictions over nineteen years is used to identify the effect of mandatory votes/card check on certification success. The results indicate that mandatory votes reduce certification success rates by approximately 9 percentage points below what they would have been under card check. This result is robust across specifications and significant at above the 99% confidence level. This paper provides empirical evidence on how two alternative union recognition procedures, mandatory votes and card check, affect certification success.' Mandatory votes require that to be recognised, a union receive majority support in a secret ballot. In contrast, card check allows recognition based solely on membership evidence collected by the union and does not necessarily require a vote. In Canada, unions are recognised on the basis of either card check or mandatory representation votes.2 Canada is a federal state consisting of ten provinces and labour law is primarily the responsibility of the provinces. There is considerable variation over time and across jurisdictions in the use of these two forms of union recognition. I conduct an econometric analysis of cross-section time-series data for