Cultural Theory and Organizations: Analytical Method and Cases
提出源于人类学的组织文化理论（网格/群体分析），用三个积极文化（层级、宗派、市场）和一个消极文化（宿命论）来比较组织，并通过以色列军队和高科技企业案例展示其描述力。
Within the context of the ongoing debate on the understanding of organizational culture, this paper presents a cultural theory of organizations (grid/group analysis) originating in anthropology. It is a generic model which proposes a conceptual framework for comparing organizations, organizing and change. The model identifies particular configurations of social relationships, dictating 'ways of life' (organizational cultures) which are both exclusive and differentiating. Three active cultures (and one passive) are identified: hierarchical, sectarian, market (and fatalistic). Two case studies demonstrating the descriptive power of the model are presented. One is a meta-organizational analysis of a large, complex organization: the Israeli Armed Forces. The other is an Israeli high-tech industrial enterprise undergoing a major organizational and cultural change. Finally, comparisons with other typological organizational models, and current cross-cultural theories of organization are discussed.