The Relative Importance of Actual and Potential Competition: Empirical Evidence From the Pharmaceuticals Market
研究了瑞典药品市场中实际和潜在竞争等因素对品牌药价格路径的影响，发现潜在竞争、仿制药进入和参考定价系统会降低原研药价格，并识别出价格规制使限价策略可信的棘轮效应。
We study actual and potential competition and other factors that determine price paths of brand‐name drugs in the Swedish pharmaceuticals market. The results indicate that the price of the incumbent product is lowered by potential competition, entry of (additional) generics, and the introduction of a so‐called reference‐price system. We also identify a ‘ratchet’ effect, through which price regulation makes entry‐deterring limit‐pricing credible.