Contextual Model of Leadership Influence in Hospital Units.
基于Kerr和Jermier的替代与中和变量分类，研究发现护士的教育水平、团队凝聚力和工作技术可替代护士长的领导行为，直接影响工作绩效；而医院行政氛围则中和了领导影响力。
Using Kerr and Jermier's (1978) taxonomy of substitute and neutralizer variables, the contextual model indicates that the staff nurse's education, group cohesion, and work technology substitute for the head nurse's leadership behavior by having direct and indirect effects on job performance. The hospital's administrative climate appeared to neutralize leadership influence.