Poor Areas, or Only Poor People?
研究了扶贫政策应瞄准贫困地区还是贫困家庭，利用孟加拉国调查数据发现，在控制家庭特征后，地理位置对生活水平仍有显著且稳定的影响。
Anti‐poverty programs often target poor areas even when there is seemingly free migration. Should such programs focus instead on households with personal attributes that foster poverty, no matter where they live? Possibly not; there may be “hidden” constraints on mobility, or location may reveal otherwise hidden household attributes. Using survey data for Bangladesh we find significant and sizable geographic effects on living standards after controlling for a wide range of nongeographic characteristics of households, as would typically be observable to policy makers. The geographic structure of living standards is reasonably stable over time, consistent with observed migration patterns, and robust to testable sources of bias.