Industrial Structure and the Economic Problems of Industry in a Centrally Planned Economy: The Polish Case
探讨波兰1970年代中央计划经济中产业结构与经济效益的关系，分析经济政策变化对产业组织的影响，对研究计划经济体制的学者有参考价值。
CURRENTLY the suggestion made in the UK that our industrial structure may be partly responsible for our economic difficulties seems to be gaining acceptance. The recent rapid growth in industrial concentration, and its counterpart, the relative decline in the economic significance of the small firm, are features not unequivocally accepted as beneficial to the more efficient functioning of industry. Prais [22, p. I60] in his recent book wonders 'whether the elimination of small firms has not gone too far here, and whether the rigidity of the economy and its undistinguished progress is not, at least partly, attributable to the lack of small entrepreneurs'. Meeks [17] has suggested that growth through merger may be only weakly correlated with improved efficiency while the link between growth through new investment and efficiency is much clearer. If we accept that there is some link between industrial structure and performance and that our problems stem, at least in part, from too much concentration and too few small firms then it becomes interesting to examine the relationship of structure to performance in those economies where structural features may be even more exaggerated-the centrally planned economies of Eastern Europe. There seems to be a growing awareness in at least one centrally planned economy that the structure of industrial organizations is, in several respects, deficient. This essay attempts to examine more closely the relationship of industrial organization to central planning in the case of the Polish economy in the 1970s. Prior to 1970 industrial output growth was the major objective of economic policy while since 1970 the consumer seems to have been given priority. It is interesting to ask whether the recent changes in economic policy have had much impact on the structure of industrial units. This seems a useful exercise because if economic policy aims to satisfy consumption as effectively as possible then enterprises should have to act quickly and responsively to