Distributive leakages of agricultural support: some empirical evidence
评估奥地利面包谷物政策的转移效率，考虑分配漏出，即官方用于支持农场收入的转移中有多少最终被上游和下游产业获得。
Abstract The paper evaluates the transfer efficiency of the Austrian bread grain policy taking into account distributive leakages, i.e. how much of the transfers officially intended to support farm income are finally realised in the upstream and downstream industries. Gardner's [Am. J. Agric. Econ. 65 (1983) 225] well‐known measure of average transfer efficiency (ATE) is augmented for the case of more than two social groups and computer‐intensive simulation procedures are utilised to deal with parameter uncertainty.