Markets and pro‐poor agricultural growth: insights from livelihood and informal rural economy models in Malawi
构建了描述马拉维农村生计和非正规经济的编程模型，分析不同农户对变化的差异化反应及劳动力与谷物市场的局部均衡效应，发现市场开放可能使穷人因富裕家庭进口支出增加而遭受损失。
Abstract This article presents the development of a set of programming models describing the major features of different rural livelihoods and of the informal rural economy they together make up in Malawi. The models allow for differentiated responses by different household types to change and for the partial equilibrium effects of consequent supply, demand, and price adjustments in labor and grain markets. The models provide insights into the relations between own‐farm and nonown‐farm activities in different households' livelihoods and in the informal rural economy as a whole, and are used to investigate possible impacts of increasing cash crop prices and of a more open rural economy. Impacts of these changes on the poor are found to be critically dependent upon supply and demand elasticities in labor and grain markets, but the poor could potentially suffer significant losses from increased openness of the local economy leading to increased expenditure by less poor households on imported goods and services.