Trade Liberalization and the Theory of Endogenous Protection: An Econometric Study of U.S. Import Policy
发现，将贸易保护视为内生变量时，其对进口的限制效应是传统外生模型估计的十倍，解释了贸易自由化影响估计偏小的谜题。
Trade theorists continue to puzzle over their surprisingly small estimates of the impact of trade liberalization o n imports. All explanations of the puzzle treat trade liberalization as a given but the level of trade protection is not exogenous. The theo ry of endogenous protection predicts that higher levels of import penetration will lead to greater protection. This paper finds that, when trade protection is modeled endogenously, its restrictive impact on imports is large--ten times the size obtained from treating protection exogenously. Copyright 1993 by University of Chicago Press.