Superstars without Talent? The Yule Distribution Controversy
检验了Chung和Cox提出的尤尔分布模型，发现它虽能近似超级明星分布的低分位数，但高估了促使消费者购买最成功艺术家唱片的雪球效应，即能描述明星现象但无法解释超级明星现象。
Abstract. Chung and Cox (1994) provided an intuitively appealing stochastic model which indicates that superstars may exist regardless of talent and which gives rise to the Yule distribution. We adopt a different empirical approach and test its goodness-of-fit using a parametric bootstrap and several powerful test statistics. Just like the discrete Pareto distribution, it is overwhelmingly rejected: it is a fairly accurate approximation of the lower quantiles of the superstar distribution, but overestimates the snowball effect that makes consumers purchase records of the most successful artists. In other words, the Yule distribution captures stardom, but not superstardom. A generalization of the Yule distribution provides an excellent fit in two of the three data sets.