The challenges are organizational not just clinical
指出医院在应用先进临床知识和管理实践方面严重不足，分析了医院组织管理的四个影响因素，并重点讨论了组织学习和高效参与管理实践两大挑战，结合组织研究成果提出解决方案。
Abstract Contemporary hospitals fall far short in applying both state‐of‐the art clinical knowledge and management practices of known effectiveness. Organization and management practices in hospitals are shaped by four factors: their conflicting missions, a distinctive and largely professional workforce, demanding external environments, and a complex day‐to‐day task environment. This article identifies two critical organizing challenges that hospitals face: organizational learning and implementing effective high involvement management practices. It discusses how findings from organizational research, including articles in this special issue, identify solutions to the problems underlying these challenges. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.