Murray and Reshef Revisited: Toward a Typology/Theory of Paradigms of National Trade Union Movements
在Murray和Reshef(1988)基础上构建了四格范式类型学，并建立理论模型分析国家工会范式的决定因素、四种范式的国别案例及其对工会组织结构、产业冲突水平和工会运动衰退率的影响，最后探讨工会衰退对范式的影响及研究启示。
This article builds on Murray and Reshef (1988) to develop a four-cell paradigm typology. Next, a theoretical model is developed to examine the determinants of national union paradigms, to present national case studies of the four paradigms, and to investigate the effects of paradigms on union organizational structures, levels of industrial conflict, and decline rates of national union movements. Finally, the effects that declining unionism has on paradigms and the research implications of this study are examined.