The Emergent Manager and Processes of Management Pre-Learning
提出‘涌现中的管理者’概念，强调管理学习在正式成为管理者之前就已开始，并分析家庭、学校、休闲和职业经历如何塑造这一预学习过程。
Two contributions are offered to the study and understanding of management learning processes. First, the concept of the `emergent manager' is offered. At a simple level, this recognizes that people in managerial work do not suddenly `become' managers and that, once established in such work, they do not cease to learn and develop either as individuals or managerial workers. But the concept is also developed to encourage theoretical trends in the study of management learning which utilize newer thinking in both organizational theory and psychology to develop processual understandings of individual and organizational emergence-a process in which learning is a central component. Second, this style of analysis is applied to the study of a selection of managers in a diverse set of organizational situations and to the ways in which their `management learning' can be understood as beginning prior to their formally becoming managers. The extent to which management learning can be seen as an aspect of `learning about life' or `learning about self' is considered. Attention is then given to ways in which roots of management learning can be found in individuals' family experiences, school and leisure activities and pre-managerial occupational involvement. A distinction is offered between the ways the `pre-managers' learn about management and learn to manage in their non-managerial work experience.