Measuring the Value of Children by Sex and Age Using a Dynamic Programming Model
用动态规划模型估计韩国父母眼中不同性别和年龄子女的价值，发现男孩早期成本高但后期回报也高，并模拟了堕胎成本下降对出生性别比的影响。
One of the important determinants of fertility is the value of children as perceived by parents. This paper estimates gender- and age-specific values of children using a dynamic programming model. The underlying hypothesis is that observed fertility outcome for any couple is the solution to their life-cycle optimization problem. Findings from the Korean data indicate that children impose net costs when young and net benefits when old. Both the early costs and the later benefits are larger for male children than female children, and for better-educated women than lowereducated women. Simulation studies which use estimated values of children suggest that a decrease in the costs of abortion and pre-natal gender-screening tests may raise the male-birth ratio through gender-selective abortions.