MEASURING NON‐USE VALUE OF ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS USING THE CONTINGENT VALUATION METHOD: PROBLEMS OF INFORMATION AND COGNITION AND THE APPLICATION OF COGNITIVE QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN METHODS
回顾了条件价值评估法在测量环境物品非使用价值时面临的信息提供和受访者认知问题，并介绍了结合心理学和认知调查设计的问卷方法，以帮助经济学家更准确地评估非使用价值。
Much interest now focuses on the use of the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to assess non‐use value of environmental goods. The paper reviews recent literature and highlights particular problems of information provision and respondent knowledge, comprehension and cognition. These must be dealt with by economists in designing CVM surveys for eliciting non‐use values. Cognitive Questionnaire Design Methods are presented which invoke concepts from psychology and tools from cognitive survey design (focus groups and verbal reports) to reduce a complex environmental good into a meaningful commodity that can be valued by respondents in a contingent market. This process is illustrated with examples from the authors' own research valuing alternative afforestation programmes.