The Unofficial Economy in Transition
研究了东欧和前苏联国家在转型过程中，政治控制如何影响非正规经济规模、公共财政健康和经济增长，发现减少政治控制、建立市场制度的国家表现更好。
THE ECONOMIES of eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union (FSU) escaped communism with a heavy burden. When central planning collapsed, they continued to suffer from widespread political control of economic activity. Such politicization had to be reduced significantly for small business formation and growth to begin. In recent years, some of these countries have succeeded much better than others in replacing political control with functioning market institutions. As this paper shows, they are also the countries that have had the healthiest public finances, the smallest unofficial economies, and the best records of growth. The politicization of economic life can usefully be thought of as the exercise by politicians of control rights over business. ' Such rights may include regulatory powers over privatized and private firms, the ability to regulate and restrict entry, control over the use of land and real estate that private businesses occupy, the determination and collection of taxes