Equilibrium Price Dispersion under Demand Uncertainty: The Roles of Costly Capacity and Market Structure
当产能昂贵且提前定价时，面临需求不确定的企业会以多种价格销售并限制各价格下的数量。本文证明垄断者和寡头的最优定价策略均存在企业内部价格离散，且市场竞争越激烈价格越离散，与航空业数据吻合。
When capacity is costly and prices are set in advance, firms facing uncertain demand will sell output at multiple prices and limit the quantity available at each price. I show that the optimal price strategy of a monopolist and the unique pure-strategy Nash equilibria of oligopolists both exhibit intrafirm price dispersion. Moreover, as the market becomes more competitive, prices become more dispersed, a pattern documented in the airline industry. While generating similar predictions, the model differs from the revenue management literature because it disregards market segmentation and fare restrictions that screen customers.