Racial Profiling, Fairness, and Effectiveness of Policing
研究警察对不同种族群体进行审计时，公平性要求如何影响犯罪总量，并给出条件判断强制公平是否减少犯罪。
Citizens of two groups may engage in crime, depending on their legal earning opportunities and on the probability of being audited. Police audit citizens. Police behavior is fair if both groups are policed with the same intensity. We provide exact conditions under which forcing the police to behave more fairly reduces the total amount of crime. These conditions are expressed as constraints on the quantile-quantile plot of the distributions of legal earning opportunities in the two groups. We also investigate the definition of fairness when the cost of being searched reflects the stigma of being singled out by police.