The Effects of Urban Spatial Structure on Travel Demand in the United States
研究1990年美国114个城市区域的城市形态和公共交通供给对通勤方式选择及家庭年车辆行驶里程的影响，发现人口中心度、铁路里程、道路密度等因素有显著作用。
We examine the effects of urban form and public transit supply on the commute mode choices and annual vehicle miles traveled (VMTs) of households living in 114 urban areas in 1990. The probability of driving to work is lower the higher are population centrality and rail miles supplied and the lower is road density. Population centrality, jobs-housing balance, city shape, and road density have a significant effect on annual household VMTs. Although individual elasticities are small absolute values (≤0.10), moving sample households from a city with the characteristics of Atlanta to a city with the characteristics of Boston reduces annual VMTs by 25%. 2005 President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.