Variance Effects in Cyclic Production Systems
利用循环排队系统研究方差对多产品生产设施的影响，发现减少准备时间或加快处理速度反而可能增加库存，并探讨方差与精益生产的关系。
Utilizing a cyclic queue system, this paper investigates the effect of variance on a multi-item production facility. The variance of setup time, service rate and arrival rate is shown to have a powerful and sometimes paradoxical influence. Reduction in setup time, for example, is usually presumed to reduce inventory. We demonstrate that inventory can blow up if setup time is cut. Another paradoxical effect of variance is on processing rate. Speeding up the processing rate should reduce the material waiting to be processed. Again we show that the opposite can hold. Other properties of variance are examined, such as its relationship to KAIZEN and Just-In-Time production practices, and especially its property of impairing capacity.