Betrayal Aversion: Evidence from Brazil, China, Oman, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United States
通过六个国家的实验发现，人们在面对由他人而非自然决定结果的风险时，要求更高的最低可接受概率，表明存在普遍的背叛厌恶。
Due to betrayal aversion, people take risks less willingly when the agent of uncertainty is another person rather than nature. Individuals in six countries (Brazil, China, Oman, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United States) confronted a binary-choice trust game or a risky decision offering the same payoffs and probabilities. Risk acceptance was calibrated by asking individuals their “minimum acceptable probability” (MAP) for securing the high payoff that would make them willing to accept the risky rather than the sure payoff. People's MAPs are generally higher when another person, rather than nature, determines the outcome. This indicates betrayal aversion.