Policy Uncertainty and Technological Innovation,
探讨政策不确定性如何影响企业投资新技术的决策，分析不同政策对不同行业和规模企业的影响，并质疑政策不确定性是创新不足的借口还是真正的原因。
Without certainty about government policies, business decision makers are unable to assess risk and opportunity and make the trade-offs necessary for investment in new technologies. Different policies (R&D, health and safety, economic regulation) have different effects, depending on type of industry and size of firm. Because there are no established standards for judging industry performance, it is difficult to know whether policy uncertainty is simply a rationalization for not innovating or whether there is a cause-and-effect relationship between policy uncertainty and technological change.