Productivity Growth in Obsolescence: Charcoal Iron Revisited
研究了19世纪末加拿大木炭铁制造技术，发现过热强风炉的使用使1890年后产量回升，而技术扩散滞后源于加拿大市场规模小，并与美国多地区木炭铁冶炼形成对比。
The technology of charcoal iron manufacture in late nineteenth-century Canada is examined in this paper. Use of a super-heated and hard-driven furnace blast contributed to a resurgence of production after 1890. A lag in the diffusion of these techniques is explained by the small size of the Canadian market. Contrasts are noted with charcoal iron smelting in several regions of the United States.