Manager's Self Assessments of Managerial Roles: The Influence of Hierarchical Level
研究调查了352名不同层级的管理者，发现10种管理角色中有7种受层级影响，并识别出不同层级的管理者角色特征，对管理实践和教学有启示。
This study systematically assessed the various roles essential to managers on different levels of the managerial hierarchy. A sample of 352 top, middle, and low-level managers from both large and small organizations in a variety of industries was asked to rate the various roles required by their positions. The analysis of variance results indicate that 7 of the 10 roles are influenced by hierarchical level. A quadratic discriminant analysis was used to identify a role profile for managers on different levels of the managerial hierarchy. Implications for the practice and teaching of business are discussed.