Spike Models in Contingent Valuation
讨论条件估值实验中允许零支付意愿概率非零的尖峰模型，包括其经济原理、估计方法及实证案例，发现中位数支付意愿为零，对假设调查的激励性质有启示。
Abstract Spike models allow for a nonzero probability of zero willingness to pay in referendum‐style contingent valuation experiments. They include many of the often used models as special cases and allow various analyses that are not possible in standard applications. In this paper, the economic rationale for the spike models and their estimation techniques are discussed, and empirical illustrations are provided. One study suggests that mean willingness to pay is zero, and both studies strongly suggest that median WTP is zero. These results have some bearing on the continuing debate of the incentive properties of hypothetical surveys and the construction of scenarios in contingent valuation experiments.