Competition, Specialization, and Industrial Decline
研究了20世纪前60年英国棉纺织业技术落后的原因，发现19世纪形成的激烈竞争和专业化结构使企业无力应对日美企业挑战，导致产业衰落。
The technological backwardness of the British cotton industry in the first six decades of this century was due primarily to the structure of industrial organization, characterized by intense competition and specialization, that had developed in the nineteenth century when the industry had no serious international competitors. But with the rise of corporate economies, particularly in Japan and the United States, this structure of industrial organization rendered British cotton managers powerless to create the corporate structures required to meet this challenge. Britain's decline was due to the failure of its managers to create conditions for new profitable opportunities by altering the constraints that they faced.