The Allocation of Resources in the Presence of Indivisibilities
论文指出当生产存在基于显著不可分性的规模经济时，传统竞争性价格利润最大化无法保证最优性，并提出一个数量检验方法，将大企业视为求解整数规划问题的算法。
A major theme of economic theory is that optimality, at the level of the firm or the economy as a whole, can be reached by profit maximization using competitive prices. The conclusion requires the assumption that the production possibility set be convex and is not valid if production displays economies of scale based on significant indivisibilities. The paper provides a specific quantity test for detecting optimality in the presence of indivisibilities and suggests that it may be useful to view the large firm as an algorithm for solving programming problems in which some of the variables assume integral values.