The Birth of the Old Federalism: Financing the New Deal, 1932–1940
研究了1932至1940年间美国联邦与地方政府支出角色的逆转，发现联邦新政项目的财政和行政条款导致了地方政府的相对衰落和州政府的持续增长。
The relative importance of federal and local government was reversed between 1932 and 1940. This changing composition of government expenditures by level of government accounts for the rise of “big” government during the Depression. State governments expanded their fiscal activity, maintaining their share of total government expenditures. Utilizing data on federal grants and state and local expenditures, I find that the relative decline of local governments and sustained growth of state governments can be explained by the financial and administrative provisions of the federal New Deal programs.