Openness, Productivity and Growth: What Do We Really Know?
用93国数据检验开放度与全要素生产率增长的关系，发现更开放的国家生产率增长更快，但因果关系仍需时间序列分析进一步确认。
Comparative data for ninety-three countries are used to analyze the robustness of the relationship between openness and total factor productivity growth. Nine indexes of trade policy are used to investigate whether the evidence supports the view that total factor productivity growth is faster in more open economies. The results are robust to the use of openness indicator, estimation technique, time period, and functional form and suggest that more open countries experienced faster productivity growth. Although the use of instrumental variables help dealing with endogeneity, issues related to causality remain somewhat open and require time series analyses to be adequately addressed.