End‐Use Performance Uncertainty and Competition in International Wheat Markets
扩展了投入特征模型以考虑技术系数不确定性，分析价格和质量对英国小麦进口市场竞争的影响，发现美国小麦多数特征的期望值方差大于加拿大小麦，且特征水平和方差均影响进口市场份额。
Abstract The input characteristic model (ICM) is expanded in this paper to account for technical coefficient uncertainty. The model is used to analyze effects of price and quality on competition in the U.K. wheat import market. Results are used to identify critical quality characteristics and impacts of technical coefficient uncertainty on import demand. The expected values for most characteristics of U.S. wheat have greater variances than those of Canadian wheat. Results show that both the characteristic's level and variance are important in determining import market shares.