ECONOMIC ISSUES FROM THE BROADS GRAZING MARSHES CONSERVATION SCHEME
研究了英国环境敏感区政策中固定价格保护合同的预算成本，与公共购买土地再租回放牧、个别管理协议两种方案比较，发现公共购买最便宜，固定支付对部分农民过高或不足。
The paper examines two key issues relating to the use of fixed‐price conservational contracts of the type embodied in the new Environmentally Sensitive Area policy in the UK. It uses data for the Broads Grazing Marshes Conservation Scheme (BGMCS). The budgetary costs of the fixed‐price contract are compared to those of (i) public purchase of land with leaseback for grazing, and (ii) of individual management agreements. Using a net present value criterion, public purchase emerges as the cheapest option, and management agreements as a superior option in defined circumstances. The paper also explores equity and efficiency issues arising from fixed price contracts. It is concluded that for many farmers and landlords in the BGMCS the fixed payment exceeded what was necessary to achieve the conservational objectives, while at the same time it was less than the profit foregone by farmers who might possibly have switched to arable farming.