Gender Effects of Social Security Reform in Chile
研究了智利1981年从现收现付制转向私人账户制社保改革对不同教育水平男女的差异化影响，发现低教育男女受益而高教育单身女性受损。
In 1981 Chile replaced a mature \n government-run social security system that operated on a \n pay-as-you-go basis with a privately managed system based on \n individual retirement accounts. The new system is more \n fiscally sustainable because pension benefits are defined by \n contributions. The minimum pension guaranteed to \n beneficiaries with at least 20 years is funded from general \n taxes, preserving the tight matching between contributions \n and benefits. The new system also eliminates several \n cross-subsidies. Men and women with less than secondary \n education gain under the new system, but single women with \n more education lose. Comparison of the old and the new \n systems reveals a complex set of factors that cause gender \n effects given constant behavior or change behavior across genders.