Employee Ingratiation: The Role of Management
指出讨好行为不仅由个人发起，也受组织诱导，两者互动决定组织内讨好行为的程度，并提出了可检验的命题。
Ingratiation, a political process to seek one's own self-interest, may be detrimental to an organization if it becomes excessive. Traditionally, ingratiation has been viewed as a set of individually-initiated behaviors. This paper attempts to show that ingratiation is organizationally induced as well as individually initiated and that it is the interaction of these two forces that determines the amount of ingratiatory behavior in an organization. A set of potentially testable propositions regarding causes of ingratiation is developed and discussed.