Effects of Dependence and Tasks on Unit Design and Efficiency
研究了外部依赖性对工作单位设计和效率的影响，发现水平和垂直依赖性比任务更能预测有机式设计，且忽视水平依赖会降低效率。
This paper explores the ramifications of external dependence for work-unit design and efficiency. Previous studies at the work-unit level have been largely concerned with task elements alone as the most important contingency for design. Two rival formulations of a dependence-contingent model are derived and contrasted with the more familiar task-contingent propositions. Tests using data from 230 employment security agency units show that, if task is controlled, both horizontal and vertical dependence are important predictors of more organic work-unit designs. In addition, failure to relate design to horizontal dependence is related to lower efficiency.