Country capabilities and the permeability of borders
通过分析国家在技术和组织原则上的能力差异，解释了国际竞争中国家领导权的长期周期，指出这些能力在国家内部扩散快于跨国边界，导致创新国最终失去领导地位。
The history of international competition shows long cycles in country leadership. This paper argues that these cycles can be explained by differences in country capabilities, in terms of both technologies and organizing principles, which diffuse more slowly across than within national and regional borders. The country that innovates in best practices eventually loses leadership, but not before increasing its wealth and claims on foreign assets and investments.