The Impact of Youth Unemployment on Adult Unemployment in the NCDS
利用英国国家儿童发展调查数据，发现早期失业经历对男性成年后失业有结构性依赖效应，但对女性影响较小；低教育成就、童年行为问题等增加失业风险。
Using the National Child Development Survey, this paper looks at cumulated experience of unemployment, highlighting how unemployment experience is concentrated on a minority of the workforce over extended periods. Low educational attainment, ability not captured by education, financial deprivation and behavioural problems in childhood raise a person's susceptibility to unemployment, there is strong evidence of structural dependence induced by early unemployment experience for men but only minor persistence for women. Attacking low educational achievement, and preventing the build‐up of substantial periods in unemployment as youths, may reduce the extent to which a minority of men spend a large part of their working lives unemployed.