DISPERSION FORMS: AN INTERACTION OF MARKET ACCESS, COMPETITION, AND URBAN COSTS*
研究了一个两区域模型，包含多个运输成本不同的行业，发现运输成本低时出现分散，但具体模式取决于城市成本，且运输成本下降会使低运输成本行业分散。
ABSTRACT This paper analyzes a two‐region model including multiple industries with different transport costs. Two results are derived. First, dispersion occurs for small transport costs, but the specific dispersion patterns depend on the level of urban costs. This results from an interaction of the market‐access effect on consumers, the market‐access effect on firms, the competition effect, and the urban‐cost effect. Second, decreasing transport cost tends to let industries with lower transport costs disperse, although the shares of industries locating in the larger region are not in order of their transport costs. We further provide some empirical data concerning the second result.