Market Structure and Pollution Control Under Imperfect Surveillance
研究发现，在控制企业规模、盈利能力和污染潜力后，市场集中度与污染控制努力正相关；竞争加剧会降低污染控制努力，并通过替代效应和规模效应影响企业行为。
Increased market concentration of firms is found to be directly related to pollution control effort, after controlling for firm size, profitability, and pollution potential. The theoretical model reveals that the firm selects product output and waste control inputs in order to minimize pollution abatement costs. Increasing rivalry lowers the opportunity cost of pollution abatement and reduces profits. This causes substitution effects between product output and waste control inputs, and scale effects, both of which may reduce pollution control efforts. The empirical implications are tested using four-digit data for US manufacturing industries.