Threat Rigidity Effects in Organizational Behavior: A Multilevel Analysis
综述了个人、群体和组织层面在威胁条件下信息处理受限和控制收紧的证据，探讨了多层次威胁僵化效应的机制及其功能与功能失调后果。
The authors wish to thank Jeanne Brett, Larry Cummings, Joanne Martin, J. P. Miller, and the anonymousASQ reviewers for their insightful comments on an earlier version of this paper. This paper explores the case for a general threat-rigidity effect in individual, group, and organizational behavior. Evidence from multiple levels of analysis is summarized, showing a restriction in information processing and constriction of control under threat conditions. Possible mechanisms underlying such a multiple-level effect are explored, as are its possible functional and dysfunctional consequences.