Women in the Rural and Industrial Labor Force in Nineteenth-Century Spain
利用1857年和1870年的人口普查数据，分析西班牙西北沿海三个不同经济结构城镇中女性劳动参与的决定因素，发现工业化推动了女性高参与率。
This contribution analyzes determinants of women's labor force participation (LFP) in northwest coastal Spain (Galicia) in the second half of the nineteenth century. The study uses census takers' notebooks from 1857 and 1870 in three municipalities with different economic structures: Nigrán, an agricultural municipality in southern Galicia on the estuary of Vigo, where women predominantly worked in agriculture; Bueu, an industrial town where 80 percent of women were employed in fish processing and related activities; and Coruña, Galicia's biggest city in 1857, where commerce and services were the main economic activities. The sample represents 2 percent of the region's population. The study focuses both on demand -- how the local economic structure influenced the entrance of women into the labor market; and supply -- how age, civil status, and number of children influenced women's LFP. The industrialization of coastal Galicia impelled women's high participation rates.